Growth • Spending • Reinvestment • Comparison

Upfront Tax: A % of principal paid before any growth. Remaining = starting balance.

Annual Compounding: Interest = Balance × Rate each year.

First-Year Interest (Tab 2): your natural Year-1 income if principal is untouched.

4% Rule (Tab 2): spend 4% of your post-tax starting balance (the portfolio value at the beginning of retirement) — a classic safe-withdrawal benchmark. This is lower and more conservative than spending off the final compounded balance.

Inflation Adj. (Tab 2): nominal ÷ (1+rate)^years = today's purchasing power.

Reinvestment (Tab 3): fixed annual addition on top of compounding — accelerates growth.

Comparison (Tab 4): side-by-side view of Base / Spending / Reinvestment scenarios over time.

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