Growth • Spending • Reinvestment • Comparison

Upfront Tax: A % of principal paid before any growth. Remaining = starting balance.

Annual Compounding: Interest = Balance × Rate each year.

First-Year Interest (Tab 2): your natural Year-1 income if principal is untouched.

4% Fixed Withdrawal (Tab 2): withdraw 4% of your post-tax starting balance as a fixed dollar amount each year. Note: this is more conservative than the Bengen 4% rule, which inflates the withdrawal annually — not modeled here.

Inflation Adj. (Tab 2): nominal ÷ (1 + inflation_rate)^years. Discounts the Year-1 nominal withdrawal back by N years of inflation to show its purchasing power in Year-N dollars (uses the inflation rate you enter, NOT the investment rate).

Reinvestment (Tab 3): fixed annual addition on top of compounding — added at end of year (annuity-immediate), so Year-1 contribution earns interest starting Year 2.

Comparison (Tab 4): side-by-side view of Base / Spending / Reinvestment scenarios over time.

Inputs